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William Patrick Clark, Jr. (October 23, 1931August 10, 2013), was an American rancher, judge, and public servant who served under President Ronald Reagan as the Deputy Secretary of State from 1981 to 1982, United States National Security Advisor from 1982 to 1983, and the Secretary of the Interior from 1983 to 1985. ==Early life and career== Clark was born in Oxnard, California on October 23, 1931, the son of William Petit and Bernice Gregory Clark. He was a devout Catholic, former seminary student, rancher, lawyer, and aide to Reagan in the California gubernatorial years. Clark served as a justice of the California Supreme Court prior to his Washington appointment, and was known to long to return to California. According to the ''Los Angeles Times'' Clark initially "flunked out of law school" and "had to repeat the bar test",〔(A High Bar for Lawyers ), February 21, 2006, (www.latimes.com ), Retrieved July 22, 2010〕 evidently as a result of failing it at first. Clark attended Stanford University and Loyola Law School. He served in the U.S. Army Counter Intelligence Corps. On May 5, 1955, Clark was married to the former Johanna M. "Joan" Brauner of Bern, Switzerland; they had five children. Joan Clark died in April 2009. Clark was a judge of the Superior Court of California from 1969 to 1971, in Paso Robles, San Luis Obispo County, and was an associate justice on the California State Supreme Court from 1973 to 1981. He reached the apex of his power when appointed National Security Advisor and temporarily became preeminent among presidential aides. A longtime rancher friend of Reagan, according to Edmund Morris's ''Dutch'', Clark would walk into Reagan's office unannounced, an unheard-of practice for even the most senior officials. Clark even suggested to the president in light of foreign policy troubles bedeviling the United States in the mid-1980s that Reagan consider not running for reelection in 1984. By that time however, George Shultz had surpassed Clark in influence, and Reagan apparently gave Clark's suggestion no thought. His biographers credit him with convincing Reagan that the Soviet Union could be pushed to the edge of collapse. The strategy was opposed by Secretary of State George Shultz, among others, leading to rancor in the White House. Morris writes in his admitted semi-fictionalized narrative biography that Clark resigned in late 1983 when he tired of the "unceasing hostility of () Deaver, () Shultz, and Nancy Reagan." Morris described Clark as "the only man who ever got within a furlong of intimacy" with the notoriously distant Reagan, and his ability to relate to Reagan inspired jealousy, at the same time that Clark's taciturn nature made him unlikely to build allies. A (differing PBS account ) quotes Mike Deaver via his book "Nancy", pg. 48: "Staff might have resented my closeness with Nancy, but to my knowledge, it was never a problem. Bill Clark and Ed Meese, then the legal-affairs counsel, were happy to have me working closely with Nancy because that freed them up to concentrate on policy and appointments. Often, too they would use me as back door to the first lady, to get her input ..." The PBS "Role of a Lifetime" url also lists some support of a conflict with George Shultz: "I knew that I would have to insist on dealing directly with the president. I could not let the White House staff interpret me to him. That was especially true when it came to Clark, because his views and instincts were different from mine ..." Noted authority Lou Cannon concluded that "(Reagan ) was very much opposed to Bill Clark. She wanted him out of (the NSA position) because she felt that it was interfering with (President) Reagan's efforts to open up better relations with the Soviet Union." Fellow Reagan family biographer James Benze furthers in the commentary, "Nancy Reagan (then) enlists other moderates in the administration to make William Clark's life miserable as National Security Advisor." On September 21, 1983 Secretary of the Interior James G. Watt embarrassed the administration by yet again making bigoted remarks to the media, causing him to resign on November 8,〔James G. Watt〕 and Clark requested and received an appointment to replace Watt. He returned to California after his stint serving the administration and pursued a variety of law firm and other business interests. After the Iran-Contra hearings in Congress, Clark wrote privately to Reagan urging him to pardon his three aides who were threatened with indictments in the conspiracy: Oliver North, John Poindexter, and Robert McFarlane.〔(), November 18, 1987, Retrieved August 10, 2013〕 Under President George H. W. Bush, Clark also orchestrated the lobbying campaign to obtain a pardon for his friend Caspar Weinberger.〔(), January 10, 1993, Retrieved August 10, 2013〕 In July 2011, Clark became a member of the (United States Energy Security Council ), which seeks to diminish oil's monopoly over the United States transportation sector and is sponsored by the (Institute for the Analysis of Global Security ) (IAGS). 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「William P. Clark, Jr.」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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